The course uses the 2007-2010 financial crisis as a starting point, discussing the fundamental challenges that the regulation of financial markets poses to legislators, regulators and the society as a whole. Adjustments to regulatory policy are an ongoing process. While policy was mainly informed by the experience of the crisis it is now increasingly meant to answer the need of accommodating new ways of doing financial business. These new ways of doing business are mainly enabled by technology and are often referred to as ‘FinTech’. In addition, ESG (environmental, social and governance) goals become increasingly important as a rationale for financial regulation.