Urban economics is concerned with the spatial form of cities and the division of national economic activity into cities, both at a point in time and over time. Three fundamental questions are: (1) Why are economic activities within a country so unequally distributed across space? (2) Why do cities (and more broadly agglomeration of firms and workers) emerge and in what locations? (3) Why are economic activities within cities unequally distributed in general and between areas near the city centre and those near or in the suburbs? The main topics covered include: Why do cities exist and why do firms cluster? Diseconomies in cities: Urban location, land rents, and land use patterns? What determines equilibrium city size and features of the urban system? City growth, location, and spatial transformation Land use regulation.